英文契約書を読み解こう♪【基礎編⑤】
今回も、引き続き英文契約書の基本的な条項をみていきましょう♪
① 表題 （Preamble or Introduction)
② 前文 （Recitals)
③ 定義 （Definitions)
④ 基本的合意事項（Basic Operative Provisions)
⑤ 発効条件（Conditions Precedent)
⑥ 有効期間と契約解除（Term and Termination)
⑦ 事実表明と保証（Representations and Warranties)
⑧ 特約（Covenants and Undertakings)
⑨ 補償（Indemnities)
⑩ 契約違反と救済措置（Default and Remedies)
⑪ 一般条項（Miscellaneous Provisions)
今まで①～⑧を説明しましたので、今回は⑨～⑩を見ていきましょう。
⑨ 補償（Indemnities)
補償義務を課すことにより、契約違反でなくとも、契約当事者の責に帰すべき事由による損害を担保することができる。
特に、知的財産（intellectual property)が絡む契約では第三者の権利を侵害した場合の補償義務に関する条項が重要となる。
ARTICLE 7
INDEMNIFICATION
7.1 The Licensee shall indemnify, defend and hold Rachel harmless from and against (a) any breach by the Licensee of any provision of this Agreement, and (b) any infringement of the rights of any third party by any of the Licensed Products, except insofar as such infringement is solely attributable to use of the CD-ROM Software of any Licensed Trademark.
7.2 Rachel shall indemnify, defend and hold the Licensee harmless from and against (a) any breach by Rachel of any provision of this Agreement, and (b) any infringement of the rights of any third party by the CD-ROM Software of any Licensed Trademark.
【キーワード】:
indemnify, defend and hold harmless smbdy from and against ...smbdyに補償し、smbdyを守るとともにその責任を免除する
breach...契約不履行、違反
infringement...侵害
except...～を除き
insofar as...～する限り
solely...単独で
attributable to...～に起因する
⑩ 契約違反と救済措置（Default and Remedies)
契約違反の条項を設け、契約の違反とみなされる状況や事態を具体的に設定し、実際にその状況に陥った時は契約違反であるとするのが一般的。
当然、そこには契約に含まれる約束を守らないという場合も入るが、それに加え下記のようなことも加える。
- 当事者の破産(insolvencyまたはbankruptcy)、解散(dissolution)、清算（liquidation)など、事業として存続に影響を及ぼす事態
- 当事者間での他の契約違反（cross-default)
- 当事者が団参者と結んだ契約に違反した場合（これもcross-defaultと呼ばれることがある）やその種の契約が解消された場合
- 当事者が第三者に買収されたり、第三者と合併した場合など、当事者の財産に重大な変更があった場合
ARTICLE8
EVENTS OF DEFAULT
8.1 If any of the following events occurs, such event shall constitute a "Licensee Event of Default":
(a) Any representation or warranty made by the Licensee under or in connection with this Agreement shall prove to have been incorrect in any material respect when made; or
(b) The Licensee shall fail to perform or observe any other term, covenant or agreement contained in this Agreement on its part to be performed or observed and any such failure shall remain unremedied for ten (10) days after written notice thereof shall have been given to the Licensee by Rachel; or
(c) The Licensee or any of its subsidiaries shall generally not pay its debts as such debts become due, or shall admit in writing its inability to pay its debts generally, or shall make a general assignment for the benefit of creditors; or any proceeding shall be instituted by or against the Licensee or any of its subsidiaries seeking to adjudicate it a bankrupt or insolvent, or seeking liquidation, winding up, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, protection, relief, or composition of it or its debts under any law relating to bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization or relief of debtors, or seeking the entry of an order for relief or the appointment of a receiver, trustee or other similar official for it or for any substantial part of its property.
8.2 If any of the following events occurs, such event shall constitute a "Rachel Event of Default";
(a) Any representation or warranty made by Rachel under or in connection with this Agreement shall prove to have been incorrect in any material respect when made; or
(b) Rachel shall fail to perform or observe any other term, covenant or agreement contained in this Agreement on its part to be performed or observed and any such failure shall remain unremedied for ten (10) days after written notice thereof shall have been given to Rachel by the Licensee; or
(c) Rachel or any of its subsidiaries shall generally not pay its debts as such debts become due, or shall admit in writing its inability to pay its debts generally, or shall make a general assignment for the benefit of creditors; or any proceeding shall be instituted by or against Rachel or any of its subsidiaries seeking to adjudicate it a bankrupt or insolvent, or seeking liquidation, winding up, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, protection, relief, or composition of it or its debts under any law relating to bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization or relief of debtors, or seeking the entry of an order for relief or the appointment of a receiver, trustee or other similar official for it or for any substantial part of its property.
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